Brick-kiln



(Nov Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. B. BROUGHTON. BRICK KILN.

No 434,058. Patented Aug. 12, 1890.

- 3 SheetsSheet 3.

(No Model.)

P.B. BRO'UGHTON. BRICK KILN.

' No, 434,053. Patented Au 12, 1890.

UNITED STATES PULASKI B. BROUGHTON,

BRICK- OF AUSTIN, MINNESOTA.

KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 434,058, dated August 12, 1890.

Application filed August 28, 1889- To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PULASKI B. BROUGH- TON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Austin, in the county of Mower and State of Minnesota, have invented a new and useful Brick-Kiln, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to brick-kilns; and it has for its object to provide a structure of this class which shall be simple and easily constructed and in which brick may be dried and burned more quickly and in a more perfeet manner than in kilns of the construction heretofore generally employed.

lVith these ends in view the invention consists in the improved detailed construction of a kiln, which will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings hereto annexed, Figure 1 is a perspective View of my improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures. V

1 1 designate the side walls, and 2 2 the end walls, of my improved kiln.

3 designates the fioor of the kiln, which is provided with a central longitudinal fine or ditch 4 and with a longitudinal flue or ditch 5 on each side between the said central. fine and the side walls. 1 I

6 6 designate the furnaces, any desired nu mber of which may be built or constructed transversely under each of the side walls 1. Located under the furnaces 6, and separated therefrom by the grates 7, are the ash-pits 8, which, as well as the furnace, are provided at their outer ends with doors 9 of ordinary construction. The inner ends of the furnaces open directly into the kiln, which is provided with back walls or fire-walls 10, erected a short distance from and parallel to the side walls 1 and extending nearly to the roof 11 of the kiln. The ash-pits 8 are connected by upwardly-inclined fines 12 with the longitudinal fines 5 in the floor of the kiln, and at the outer ends of the said fines are arranged dampers 13, which when closed out off communication between the ash-pits and the fines 5.

A series of chimneys 14 are constructed Serial No. 322,220. on model.)

centrally on a longitudinal line of the kiln, said chimneys extending from the central flue 4t upwardly through the roof of the kiln. The said chimneys are provided at their lower ends with openings 15, through which the products of combustion may pass from the fine at into the said chimneys. At their upper ends the said chimneys are provided with valves or dampers 16, having handles 17, by means of which they may be conveniently manipulated so as to regulate the draft.

The end walls of the kiln are provided with suitably-constructed doors 18, through which access may'be had to the interior, and in the arched roof of the kiln are placed a series of small ventilators 24. I

To brace and strengthen the kiln, I erect adjacent to the outer sides of the side walls a series of vertical posts 19, the upper endsof which are connected by braces 20, extending transversely across the top of thekiln.

In operation the bricks which are to be dried and burned are piled in the usual manner upon the fioor of the kiln, which, as will be noticed, is solid in contradistinction to the perforated floor usually employed in downdraft-kilns, and which in several respects is undesirable. After piling the brick and closing the doors of the kiln, fires are first started in the ash-pits, the dampers 13 at the inner ends of which are temporarily opened, so as to cause an upward draft through the lines 12 and 5 and through the brick piled in the kiln. The products of combustion after passing upwardly through the kiln will escape through the small ventilators 24:, that are placed in the arched roof, making a perfect updraft for carrying off the moisture while the brick are'being dried. This upward draft will carry oif the moisture from the bricks instead of allowing it to condense and become deposited upon the brick and fioor of the kiln, as is generally the case in downdraftkilns when the fire is first started. After the brick has been dried and most or all of the moisture evaporated, the dampers 13 and ventilators 24 are closed and fires are started in the furnaces proper. The draft will now be upward through the spaces 21, between the fire-walls 10 and the side walls 1, and thence downwardly through the brick and to the central flue 4, from whence the products of combustion will escape through the chimneys. It will be seen that the back wall or'fire-wall serves to condense the fires from the several furnaces into a solid sheet, which will strike the brick piled in the kiln evenly, thus causing the brick to be burned very uniformly throughout; nor is the heat lost entirely after passing once down'through the brick, as is the case in downdraft-furnaces having perforated floors, inasmuch as the passage of the products of combustion upwardly through the chimneys converts the latter into very powerful radiators, which greatly assist not only in lessening the time required to burn a kiln of brick, but also in securing a more uniform and marketable product than heretofore. The draft may at all times be regulated by means of the dampers 16 in the upper ends of the chimneys, and it will be seen that by closing the said dampers the heat may be confined in the kilns and the latter allowed to cool slowly and gradually.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is

1. A brick-kiln consisting of the structure having the side and the end walls and the roof, the longitudinal ditches in the floor of said structure, the furnaces constructed transversely in the side walls and having open inner ends opening directly into the kiln, the fire-walls arranged parallel to and at a short distance from the side walls, the grates separating the furnaces from the ash-pits, the flues connecting the latter with the longitudinal fines or ditches in the floor of the kiln at the sides of the latter, the dampers at the outer ends of said connecting-Hues, and the ventilators in the arched roof of the kiln, substantially as set forth.

2. A brick-kiln consisting of the structure having the side and the end walls and the roof, the flues or ditches formed longitudinally in the floor, the furnaces constructed transversely in the side walls, the fire-walls arranged parallel to and at a distance from the side walls, the fines connecting the ashpits with the longitudinal side flues in the floor of the kiln, the dampers at the outer ends of said connectingfiues, the chimneys extending upwardly from the central flue in the floor of the kiln and having openings at their ilower ends for the admission of products of combustion, and the dampers arranged in the upper ends of said chimneys, substantially as herein set forth.

3. A brick -kiln having the longitudinal fiues or ditches formed in the floor thereof, the chimneys rising from the central flue and having openings at their lower ends for the admission of products of combustion, the furnaces constructed transversely in the side Walls of the kiln and having open inner ends, the fire-walls arranged parallel to and at a short distance from the side walls of the kiln, flues connecting the ash-pits of the furnaces with the side fines in the floor of the kiln, and means for regulating the passage of the products of combustion, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

4. In a downdraft brick-kiln, the structure having the side and end walls and the roof, the solid or imperforate floor having a central longitudinal flue or ditch, the chimneys rising from said ditch, and having draft-openings at their lower ends and dampers at their upper ends, the furnaces constructed transverscly in the side Walls and having open inner ends, and the fire-walls arranged parallel to and at a short distance from the side walls of the kiln, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a downdraft brick-kiln, the structure having the side and end walls and the roof, the solid or imperforate floor having longitudinal flues or ditches located parallel to and at a short distance from the side walls of the kiln, the ash-pits constructed under the furnaces transversely in said side walls and having flues connected with the longitudinal ditches, the dampers at the outer ends of said fines, and the ventilators inthe roof of the kiln, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as myownl have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

PULASKI B. BROUGHTON.

Witnesses:

J. M. GREENMAN, M. E. HEPLEN. 

